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| Great Depression and World War II |
U.S. involvement in the Second World War
was quickly followed by a massive mobilization effort. With millions of men and
women serving overseas in the nation's armed forces, most of those who remained
at home dedicated themselves to supporting the war effort by whatever means were
available to them.
Women, who had worked as homemakers or had held jobs outside military-related industries, took jobs in aircraft manufacturing plants, munitions plants, military uniform production factories, and so on. As the need for steel and other resources increased, American citizens participated in rationing programs, as well as recycling and scrap metal drives. Americans also supported the war effort with their hard-earned dollars by purchasing Liberty Bonds. Sold by the U.S. government, the bonds raised money for the war and helped the bond purchasers feel they were doing their part for the war effort.
The U.S.
entry into the war helped to get the nation's economy back on its feet
following the depression. Although just ten years earlier, jobs were very
difficult to come by, there were no jobs for nearly everyone who wanted one.
With the creation of 17 million new jobs during the war, workers were afforded
the opportunity to pay off old debts, as well as to begin saving some of their
earnings.
Not all
Americans remaining at home gained favorably from the war. Fearing that Japan
might invade the West Coast of the United States, the government rounded up
thousands of Japanese Americans who lived on the West Coast and confined them
to internment camps. By 1948 when the internment program ended, tens of
thousands of Japanese had suffered as internees. In addition, German Americans,
Italian Americans, Hungarians, Romanians, and Bulgarians were also interned.
On May 8, 1945, Germany surrendered. After the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945, and the Second World War came to an end. The war cost the lives of more than 330,000 American soldiers. Many more were permanently injured or maimed.
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